结构陶瓷具有优越的强度、硬度、绝缘性、热传导、耐高温、耐氧化、耐腐蚀、耐磨耗、高温强度等特色，因此，在非常严苛的环境或工程应用条件下，所展现的高稳定性与优异的机械性能，接下来由科众陶瓷厂家来为大家介绍下结构陶瓷的加工方法及加工的主要问题介绍。
 

结构氧化锆陶瓷管

一、结构陶瓷的加工方法

依(yi)结(jie)构陶瓷产品性能要求的(de)(de)(de)不(bu)(bu)同(tong)、工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)艺不(bu)(bu)同(tong)有(you)很多(duo)的(de)(de)(de)加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)方(fang)法(fa)，一般还是以机械加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)为(wei)(wei)(wei)主(zhu)。陶瓷材料(liao)(liao)的(de)(de)(de)精加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)，依(yi)据(ju)加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)能量(liang)方(fang)式(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)不(bu)(bu)同(tong)可(ke)分为(wei)(wei)(wei)力(li)学、化(hua)学、光(guang)学、电(dian)(dian)学、电(dian)(dian)化(hua)学、光(guang)化(hua)学方(fang)式(shi)(shi)(shi)共六(liu)大类加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)方(fang)法(fa)。其中化(hua)学方(fang)式(shi)(shi)(shi)有(you)蚀刻(ke)和化(hua)学抛(pao)光(guang);电(dian)(dian)学方(fang)式(shi)(shi)(shi)有(you)电(dian)(dian)火花加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)、电(dian)(dian)子束(shu)加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)、离子束(shu)加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)和等离子体加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)，光(guang)学方(fang)式(shi)(shi)(shi)有(you)激光(guang)加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)。电(dian)(dian)化(hua)学方(fang)式(shi)(shi)(shi)有(you)电(dian)(dian)解(jie)抛(pao)光(guang)。光(guang)化(hua)学方(fang)式(shi)(shi)(shi)有(you)光(guang)刻(ke)技术。但常(chang)见的(de)(de)(de)以力(li)学方(fang)式(shi)(shi)(shi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)主(zhu)。力(li)学加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)方(fang)式(shi)(shi)(shi)可(ke)分为(wei)(wei)(wei)两(liang)大类:磨料(liao)(liao)加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)和刀具加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)。刀具加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)主(zhu)要是指切割加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)，而磨料(liao)(liao)加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)技术磨料(liao)(liao)所(suo)处状态(tai)又分为(wei)(wei)(wei)固结(jie)磨料(liao)(liao)加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)、悬浮磨料(liao)(liao)加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)和自由磨料(liao)(liao)加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)。
 

结构氧化锆陶瓷棒

二、结构陶瓷加工的主要(yao)问题(ti)

结构陶瓷加工(gong)(gong)虽然有许(xu)多(duo)方法，但加工(gong)(gong)成本高，加工(gong)(gong)效率低，加工(gong)(gong)精(jing)度差。其主要原因之(zhi)一是结构陶瓷的硬度非(fei)常高。

对于结构陶瓷，未烧体(ti)或焙烧体(ti)主要用切(qie)削(xue)加(jia)工进(jin)行(xing)粗加(jia)工，烧结后用磨削(xue)进(jin)行(xing)精加(jia)工。

根据情况(kuang)不同，也可以不经加(jia)工，直接磨削加(jia)工烧结体使之达到设计(ji)精(jing)度。

就(jiu)加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)过(guo)程而言，结(jie)构(gou)(gou)陶瓷(ci)与金属零件几乎是相似的(de)，但结(jie)构(gou)(gou)陶瓷(ci)的(de)加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)余(yu)量则(ze)大(da)得(de)多。未烧体(ti)或焙(bei)烧体(ti)结(jie)构(gou)(gou)陶瓷(ci)粗(cu)加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)时，易于出现强度不(bu)(bu)足或表面加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)缺陷问题，或由于装(zhuang)卡不(bu)(bu)充分(fen)等原因，而不(bu)(bu)能(neng)获得(de)所要求的(de)最(zui)(zui)终加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)形状(zhuang)。由于烧结(jie)时不(bu)(bu)能(neng)保持收(shou)缩均(jun)匀，在粗(cu)加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)时就(jiu)要使(shi)尺寸不(bu)(bu)要太靠近最(zui)(zui)终尺寸，所以留有(you)的(de)精加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)的(de)余(yu)量就(jiu)大(da)。对于金属加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)，精加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)余(yu)量如考虑热变形和(he)热处理产(chan)生的(de)黑(hei)皮，则(ze)应尽可能(neng)留百分(fen)之几毫米(mi)。对结(jie)构(gou)(gou)陶瓷(ci)加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)来说(shuo)，精加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)余(yu)量则(ze)需(xu)有(you)几毫米(mi)甚至(zhi)十几毫米(mi)。加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)余(yu)量大(da)，生产(chan)率(lv)降低，生产(chan)成本升高。

结构陶瓷(ci)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)的另一个问题(ti)是加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)刀(dao)具(ju)(ju)费用(yong)大。结构陶瓷(ci)的切(qie)削(xue)(xue)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)需使用(yong)高价(jia)的烧(shao)结金(jin)刚石(shi)、CBN刀(dao)具(ju)(ju)，精加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)也(ye)是以金(jin)刚石(shi)砂轮为(wei)主，因此刀(dao)具(ju)(ju)费用(yong)要高出金(jin)属切(qie)削(xue)(xue)所用(yong)刀(dao)具(ju)(ju)数十倍至百倍。此外，结构陶瓷(ci)的强度对于(yu)(yu)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)条件是敏感的，难(nan)于(yu)(yu)实现高效率(lv)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)。

科众陶瓷是一家专业生产工业陶瓷的企业，主要从事氧化锆陶瓷和氧化铝陶瓷的研发和生产。我们可以根据您的图纸加工陶瓷产品，专业生产高精度陶瓷棒，陶瓷管，陶瓷环，陶瓷板，陶瓷法兰，陶瓷喷嘴，以及定制的精密陶瓷零件等。